Validator Deposits

This guide covers validator deposit operations in Lido Staking Vaults, including predeposits, validator proving, and full deposits to the Beacon Chain.

Overview

The deposit process involves several stages:

Predeposit: Initial validator registration with 1 ETH from vault
Validator Proving: Cryptographic proof that validator exists on Beacon Chain
Full Deposit: Complete 32 ETH deposit to activate validator
Balance Management: Node operator balance top-ups and withdrawals

All deposit operations work through the PredepositGuarantee (PDG) contract which manages validator lifecycle and node operator balances.

Read Operations

Get PDG Information

View basic information about the PredepositGuarantee contract:

yarn start deposits r info

Check PDG Roles

View role assignments for the PredepositGuarantee contract:

yarn start deposits r roles

Check Validator Status

Get the current status of a specific validator:

yarn start deposits r validator-status <validatorPubkey>

Arguments:

Argument	Description	Format
`<validatorPubkey>`	Validator public key to check	0x... (48-byte hex string)

Check Node Operator Balance

Get total, locked, and unlocked balances for the Node Operator in PDG:

yarn start deposits r no-balance

Aliases: no-bal

Example:

# Check node operator balance
yarn start deposits r no-balance

# Using alias
yarn start deposits r no-bal

This command shows:

Total: Total ETH balance for the node operator
Locked: ETH locked for predeposits
Unlocked: Available ETH that can be locked for predeposit or withdrawn

Check Node Operator Info

Get comprehensive information about the Node Operator in PDG:

yarn start deposits r no-info

Example:

# Get full node operator information
yarn start deposits r no-info

This command displays:

Balance information (total, locked, unlocked)
Depositor address (with indication if it's your address)
Guarantor address (with indication if it's your address)

Write Operations

Predeposit Validators

yarn start deposits w predeposit '<deposits_json>'

Arguments and Options:

Argument/Option	Description	Format
`<deposits>`	Array of deposit data	JSON array (see below)
`--no-bls-check`	Skip BLS signature validation	Flag
`-v, --vault <string>`	Vault address	0x...

Deposit Format:

[
  {
    "pubkey": "0x123...",
    "signature": "0xabc...",
    "amount": "1000000000",
    "deposit_data_root": "0xdef..."
  }
]

Example:

# Predeposit with BLS validation (recommended)
yarn start deposits w predeposit '[{
  "pubkey": "0x1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef",
  "signature": "0xabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdef",
  "amount": "1000000000",
  "deposit_data_root": "0xfedcbafedcbafedcbafedcbafedcbafedcbafedcbafedcbafedcbafedcbafedcba"
}]' -v 0x1234567890123456789012345678901234567890

# Skip BLS validation (faster but less secure)
yarn start deposits w predeposit '<deposits_json>' --no-bls-check

Validator Proving

Create Proof and Prove

Generate cryptographic proof that a validator exists on the Beacon Chain:

yarn start deposits w proof-and-prove

Options:

Option	Description	Format
`-i, --index <index>`	Validator index to prove	Number

Example:

# Interactive proof creation
yarn start deposits w proof-and-prove

# Prove specific validator index
yarn start deposits w proof-and-prove -i 12345

Prove and Deposit (Shortcut)

Node operator shortcut command that proves validators, tops up balance if needed, and deposits:

yarn start deposits w prove-and-deposit '<indexes>' '<deposits_json>'

Arguments and Options:

Argument/Option	Description	Format
`<indexes>`	Array of validator indexes	JSON array of numbers
`<deposits>`	Array of deposit data	JSON array (see above)
`-v, --vault <string>`	Vault address	0x...

Example:

yarn start deposits w prove-and-deposit '[12345, 12346, 12347]' '[{
  "pubkey": "0x1234...",
  "signature": "0xabcd...",
  "amount": "32000000000",
  "deposit_data_root": "0xfed..."
}]' -v 0x1234567890123456789012345678901234567890

Full Beacon Chain Deposit

warning

There is a known issue with incremental validator deposits: if you top up a validator's balance in 1 ETH increments and reach exactly 32 ETH through multiple deposits, the validator may fail to activate. See ethereum/consensus-specs#3049 for details.

To avoid this, always deposit the remaining 31 ETH in a single transaction rather than splitting it into smaller amounts. This ensures proper validator activation without delays.

Deposit the remaining 31 ETH to complete validator activation (total 32 ETH):

yarn start deposits w deposit-to-beacon-chain '<deposits_json>'

Arguments and Options:

Argument/Option	Description	Format
`<deposits>`	Array of deposit data	JSON array (see above)
`-v, --vault <string>`	Vault address	0x...

Example:

yarn start deposits w deposit-to-beacon-chain '[{
  "pubkey": "0x1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef",
  "signature": "0xabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdef",
  "amount": "31000000000",
  "deposit_data_root": "0xfedcbafedcbafedcbafedcbafedcbafedcbafedcbafedcbafedcbafedcbafedcba"
}]' -v 0x1234567890123456789012345678901234567890

Node Operator Balance Management

Top Up Balance

Add ETH to node operator balance for covering predeposit requirements:

yarn start deposits w top-up <amount>

Arguments and Options:

Argument/Option	Description	Format
`<amount>`	Amount in ETH to top up	Decimal (e.g., 1)
`-v, --vault <string>`	Vault address	0x...

Example:

# Top up with 2 ETH (enough for 2 predeposits)
yarn start deposits w top-up 2 -v 0x1234567890123456789012345678901234567890

# Interactive vault selection
yarn start deposits w top-up 1

Withdraw Node Operator Balance

Withdraw ETH from node operator balance:

yarn start deposits w withdraw-no-balance <amount>

Arguments and Options:

Argument/Option	Description	Format
`<amount>`	Amount in ETH to withdraw	Decimal (e.g., 5.0)
`-v, --vault <string>`	Vault address	0x...
`-r, --recipient <string>`	Recipient address for withdrawal	0x...

Example:

# Withdraw with specified recipient
yarn start deposits w withdraw-no-balance 5 \
  -v 0x1234567890123456789012345678901234567890 \
  -r 0x9876543210987654321098765432109876543210

# Interactive selection
yarn start deposits w withdraw-no-balance 5

Set Node Operator Guarantor

Set or update the guarantor for the node operator:

yarn start deposits w set-no-guarantor

This command is interactive and will prompt for the new guarantor address.

Deposit Workflow

Complete Validator Setup Process

Here's the typical workflow for setting up new validators:

1. Prepare Deposit Data

Generate deposit data using official Ethereum tools or validator clients:

For Hoodi testnet only

You can use this tool for generating deposit data: Depositor

2. Top Up Node Operator Balance

Ensure sufficient balance for predeposits:

yarn start deposits w top-up 1

3. Make Predeposit

yarn start deposits w predeposit '[{
  "pubkey": "0x...",
  "signature": "0x...",
  "amount": "1000000000",
  "deposit_data_root": "0x..."
}]'

4. Wait and Monitor

Wait for validator to appear on Beacon Chain, then check status:

yarn start pdg-helpers validator-info 0x...

5. Check Validator status in PDG contract

yarn start deposits r validator-status 0x...

6. Prove Validator

Create proof once validator is visible:

yarn start deposits w proof-and-prove -i <validator_index>

7. Complete Deposit

Deposit remaining 31 ETH to activate validator:

yarn start deposits w deposit-to-beacon-chain '[{
  "pubkey": "0x...",
  "signature": "0x...",
  "amount": "31000000000",
  "deposit_data_root": "0x..."
}]'

Security Considerations

BLS Signature Validation

Always validate signatures unless specifically testing
BLS validation prevents invalid deposits
Use --no-bls-check only for development/testing

Deposit Data Verification

Double-check all deposit data before submission
Verify public keys match your validator setup
Confirm withdrawal credentials point to vault

Balance Management

Monitor node operator balance before predeposits
Top up proactively to avoid failed operations
Track validator lifecycle to manage balance efficiently

Error Handling

Common Issues

Insufficient Node Operator Balance

# Check current balance and top up
yarn start deposits r info
yarn start deposits w top-up <amount>

Invalid BLS Signature

# Regenerate deposit data with correct withdrawal credentials
# Verify signature before retrying

Permission Denied

# Verify node operator role
yarn start vo r roles

Monitoring and Troubleshooting

Check Operation Status

Monitor your deposits and validator status:

# Check specific validator
yarn start deposits r validator-status <pubkey>

# Check validator on CL
yarn start pdg-helpers validator-info 0x...

Vault Creation: Creating a Vault
Funding Vaults: Supply and Withdrawal
Reports: Reports
Additional Helpers: Additional Helpers

Overview​

Read Operations​

Get PDG Information​

Check PDG Roles​

Check Validator Status​

Check Node Operator Balance​

Check Node Operator Info​

Write Operations​

Predeposit Validators​

Validator Proving​

Create Proof and Prove​

Prove and Deposit (Shortcut)​

Full Beacon Chain Deposit​

Node Operator Balance Management​

Top Up Balance​

Withdraw Node Operator Balance​

Set Node Operator Guarantor​

Deposit Workflow​

Complete Validator Setup Process​

1. Prepare Deposit Data​

2. Top Up Node Operator Balance​

3. Make Predeposit​

4. Wait and Monitor​

5. Check Validator status in PDG contract​

6. Prove Validator​

7. Complete Deposit​

Security Considerations​

BLS Signature Validation​

Deposit Data Verification​

Balance Management​

Error Handling​

Common Issues​

Monitoring and Troubleshooting​

Check Operation Status​

Related Operations​

Overview

Read Operations

Get PDG Information

Check PDG Roles

Check Validator Status

Check Node Operator Balance

Check Node Operator Info

Write Operations

Predeposit Validators

Validator Proving

Create Proof and Prove

Prove and Deposit (Shortcut)

Full Beacon Chain Deposit

Node Operator Balance Management

Top Up Balance

Withdraw Node Operator Balance

Set Node Operator Guarantor

Deposit Workflow

Complete Validator Setup Process

1. Prepare Deposit Data

2. Top Up Node Operator Balance

3. Make Predeposit

4. Wait and Monitor

5. Check Validator status in PDG contract

6. Prove Validator

7. Complete Deposit

Security Considerations

BLS Signature Validation

Deposit Data Verification

Balance Management

Error Handling

Common Issues

Monitoring and Troubleshooting

Check Operation Status

Related Operations